Health is a multidimensional concept, as it is connected to ideological, political, and social components. It is determined by a multitude of demographic, epidemiological, environmental, and behavioral factors, among which social determinants of health are of major importance. The maximum satisfaction of health needs under conditions of limited resources requires the promotion of techniques and methods for efficient distribution and use of resources, while the free choice of consumers in healthcare services facilitates access to healthcare and maximizes utility. Equality and freedom in medical care are not opposing functions, but on the contrary, they empower consumers and improve transparency and democracy in the healthcare sector.