In this book, the basic principles of structure and function of extracorporeal circulation are presented in an inductive manner through sixteen chapters, as well as all the modern techniques necessary for it. It is a mechanism necessary for the majority of cardiac surgeries, the application of which combines applied physiology, technology, and technique. It requires knowledge of cardiac surgery, skill, experience, continuous education, monitoring of developments, and adaptation to new protocols. The book gathers all the necessary background knowledge required for the science of extracorporeal circulation in cardiac surgery. It is aimed at health sciences students, specialized doctors, extracorporeal circulation specialists, as well as cardiac surgeons and anesthesiologists, with the purpose of providing them with a complete theoretical and practical understanding of the process required for the application of extracorporeal circulation in cardiac surgeries.